Archive for January, 2008

Saturday, January 19th, 2008

EJB & JSP: Java On The Edge, Unlimited Edition by Lou Marco ISBN: 0764548026 Your Guide to Cutting-Edge J2EE Programming Techniques. Summary You ve just taken a quick tour of Enterprise JavaBeans. You ve learned that EJBs are distributed, server-side software components that live inside an abstraction called a container. You ve been introduced to the goals of the EJB architecture. You ve learned that the EJB specification provides for three different types of enterprise bean the session bean, the entity bean and, with release 2.0, the message bean. You ve learned that clients do not access enterprise beans directly; rather, they access enterprise beans by going through the bean s home or remote interface. You ve read about the deployment descriptor, which enables you to customize an enterprise bean s behavior without changing the bean s source code. You ve also been introduced to the concept of EJB roles and how these roles are important to the software component market. This should be enough to let us begin to dig into EJBs in detail with some coding examples in the next chapter.
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Friday, January 18th, 2008

EJB & JSP: Java On The Edge, Unlimited Edition by Lou Marco ISBN: 0764548026 Your Guide to Cutting-Edge J2EE Programming Techniques. Chapter 12: The Elements of an EJB Overview At this point, you ve been introduced to the rationale for Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs), which is the need for server- side distributed components. You ve learned about the players in the world of EJBs and about the lofty goals of the EJB architecture. Now, you re ready to learn about the nuts and bolts of an Enterprise JavaBean. This chapter discusses the components of an EJB. You can read about the required interfaces for implementing and constructing an enterprise bean. You can discover that EJB supports three different bean types entity beans, session beans, and (new with EJB 2.0) message-driven beans. And you can learn why you need different enterprise bean types in an application. You can also read about the environment required by enterprise beans for living, working, and playing, including how to deploy your beans once developed. First, let s take a look at the makeup of an enterprise bean followed by a description of the bean s components.
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Friday, January 18th, 2008

EJB & JSP: Java On The Edge, Unlimited Edition by Lou Marco ISBN: 0764548026 Your Guide to Cutting-Edge J2EE Programming Techniques. Summary You have now seen a complete JSP application. This application has combined JSP pages and JavaBeans to provide dynamic Web page content. JavaBeans have been used to access database resources and provide client information. JSP error handling, which we discussed in the previous chapter, was used to handle incorrect user input. You should now have a better understanding of how these different parts of a JSP application work together. In the coming chapters we’ll learn how to use Enterprise JavaBeans, making our Internet applications even more powerful.
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Thursday, January 17th, 2008

EJB & JSP: Java On The Edge, Unlimited Edition by Lou Marco ISBN: 0764548026 Your Guide to Cutting-Edge J2EE Programming Techniques. Part III: Enterprise JavaBeans Chapter 11: A First Look at EJB Chapter 12: The Elements of an EJB Chapter 13: EJB Contexts and Containers Chapter 14: EJB Session Beans Chapter 15: EJB Entity Beans Chapter 16: EJB Security Chapter 17: EJB and Transaction Management Chapter 18: Creating EJB Clients Chapter 19: The Proposed EJB 2.0 Specification Chapter 20: Integrating JSPs and EJBs Appendix A: The JSP API Appendix B: The EJB API Appendix C: Configuring the Tomcat Web Server Appendix D: XML Overview
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Wednesday, January 16th, 2008

EJB & JSP: Java On The Edge, Unlimited Edition by Lou Marco ISBN: 0764548026 Your Guide to Cutting-Edge J2EE Programming Techniques. Chapter 11: A First Look at EJB Overview You ve spent some time reading about JavaServer Pages, sometimes referred to as the front door to J2EE applications. In Part III, you can read about Enterprise JavaBeans. As mentioned in Chapter 1, Enterprise Computing Concepts, Enterprise JavaBeans are a server-side software component architecture. In other words, the Enterprise JavaBeans specification describes how to develop distributed objects and how to deploy these objects in a distributed computing environment. This chapter provides an introduction to Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs). This chapter s first order of business is to dispense with the belief that Enterprise JavaBeans are related to JavaBeans. Then you can read about the ambitious goals of the EJB architecture. EJB release 1.1 is discussed here, along with features of EJB release 2.0 (Sun released the final draft on October 25, 2000). This chapter also introduces the important topic of EJB Roles and how these roles enable the development of compatible EJBs by different vendors.
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Tuesday, January 15th, 2008

<%-- Here's a JSP scriptlet with pieces of code --%> <% int toInteger = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("to") ) ; int sumOfFirstIntegers = toInteger * (toInteger + 1 ) / 2; if (sumOfFirstIntegers > 100000){ %> Big Number <% } else { %> Small Number <% } %> As you can see, the if statement is broken into pieces with some pieces as HTML and some as Java code. The requirement for a syntactically correct scriptlet is that all the pieces must form syntactically correct Java code. The following statement uses an implicit object called request: int toInteger = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter(”to”) ); You pass the parameter by entering the name of the JSP with the parameter entry as shown here: http://localhost:8080/examples/jsp/loutest/loutest.jsp?to=50 You can code JSP scriptlets as XML tags, as follows: Java Code You see that JSP allows you, the JSP programmer, to use Java code in your JSP pages in interesting and flexible ways. However, you have additional capabilities that do not involve embedding Java code in your JSP page. JSP supports a variety of standard actions, which are covered in the next section.
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int sumOfFirstIntegers = toInteger * (toInteger + 1 ) / 2; int sumByLoop = 0 ; for (int counter = 1; counter The sum of integers from 1 to by loop is: Notice that Listing 4-4 uses pieces of Java code as opposed to an entire method. Changing Listing 4-4 to use a declaration causes the JSP translator to generate an error, as shown in Listing 4-5. Listing 4-5: Tomcat reacts to using a JSP declaration where a scriptlet is called for Error: 500 Location: /examples/jsp/loutest/loutest.jspInternal Servlet Error: org.apache.jasper.JasperException: Unable to compile class forJSPD:tomcat32worklocalhost_8080%2Fexamples_0002fjsp_0002floutest_0002floutest_0002ejsploutest_jsp_0.java:24: Typeexpected. for (int counter = 1; counter

Monday, January 14th, 2008


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Coding and Invoking a Method

Sunday, January 13th, 2008

<%-- Here's a variable and method declaration --%> <%! int toInteger = 100 ; int sumOfFirstIntegers = addIntegers( 100 ) ; public int addIntegers( int to ) { return to * (to + 1) / 2 ; }%>

The sum of integers from 1 to <%= toInteger %> is: <%= sumOfFirstIntegers %> Listing 4-3 also includes a few JSP expressions. As you may have guessed by now, you can code JSP declarations in XML style syntax as follows: Java Code JSPs also permit you to code pieces of Java in your page by coding scriptlets, as explained in the next section. JSP Scriptlets A scriptlet is an arbitrary piece of Java code. The general format is as follows: <% aPieceOfJavaCode %> Understand that a piece of code can be entire statements or groups of statements. Scriptlets are executed at request time. Hence, code contained in scriptlets may modify objects by invoking methods. Listing 4-4 shows a page similar to Listing 4-3 but using a scriptlet. Listing 4-4: JSP page with a scriptlet <%@ page contentType="text/html" %> <%-- Here's a JSP scriptlet --%> <% int toInteger = 100 ;
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The engineers at Sun Microsystems make life a bit easier for the JSP programmer by providing the programmer access to predefined environment objects called implicit objects. These objects are accessible from JSP expressions and JSP scriptlets. You read about these objects later in this chapter. JSP Declarations As with any programming language, JSP uses variables to hold program data or code that performs various tasks. One JSP feature that makes variables or program code known to the JSP page is called a JSP declaration. JSP declarations have the following format: In Listing 4-2 you see a simple page with a JSP declaration and expression. Listing 4-2: Simple JSP page with a declaration and expression Simple JSP Declaration Example

Saturday, January 12th, 2008

<%-- Here's a JSP Declaration --%> <%! int counter = 0 ; %>

This page has been accessed <%-- Here s a JSP Expression --%> <%= ++counter %> times JSP declarations by themselves do not cause output. Rather, JSP declarations are used with the JSP expressions and scriptlets to cause output. Note that the preceding expression could not have generated a value for counter without the counter variable being declared. Worthy of mention is that instance variables declared in JSP declarations need not be declared static because instance variables are shared among separate page requests. JSP declarations may include entire methods. Listing 4-3 shows a small JSP illustrating a method declare. Listing 4-3: Coding and invoking a method in a JSP declaration
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Friday, January 11th, 2008

Note Custom tags follow XML coding conventions. See Appendix D for an overview of XML syntax. You must code the taglib directive before coding any references to the custom tags from the tag library. Well, that s the story on coding JSP directives. Worth repeating is that JSP directives do not produce output per se; JSP directives communicate certain parameters and set certain attributes that affect the generated servlet and resultant output page. What about JSP commands that do result in output? You ll read about these commands next, starting with JSP scripting elements. JSP Scripting Elements JSP scripting elements enable you to insert code into the JSP page that results in code in the generated servlet. Scripting elements range from one-sentence variable declares to entire Java methods. I examine three categories of scripting elements: expressions, declarations, and scriptlets. JSP Expressions A JSP expression inserts data in the resultant output page. A JSP expression has the following syntax: <%= javaExpression %> The JSP translator evaluates javaExpression, converts javaExpression into a string, and places the resultant string directly in the output page. If the expression cannot be converted to a string, the runtime throws a ClassCastException. For example, the following JSP expression generates the date and time the JSP page was requested: <%= new java.util.Date() %> Or, using a page directive that allows for an unqualified reference to the Date class with the expression: <%@ page import="java.util.*" %> <@= new Date() %> JSP expressions are evaluated at the time the JSP page is requested (by entering the name of a JSP page in the location bar of a browser or clicking a hyperlink that references the JSP page), or at runtime, not at JSP translation time. The result of the evaluation being done at runtime is that variables or objects referenced in the expression have access to any information about the request. You may use the XML form of a JSP expressions as follows: Java expression
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